Monday, January 19, 2015

Anchorage and Antioch: Reflections on MLK day and the segregation of the church

I live in a very diverse city.  Anchorage, AK boasts the most diverse census tract in the United States (1) and two of the more diverse High Schools in America (2).  In the Anchorage School District 93 different languages are spoken (3).  I could go on with stats, but I think Russian Orthodox Archpriest Michael Oleksa sums it up when he noted, “The world has come to Anchorage.” (4)

I have been thinking about my cities amazing diversity today as well as an event that happened over fifty years ago.  In 1963, just months after delivering his “I Have a Dream” speech, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. spoke at Western Michigan University.  Following the address was a question and answer session.  In that session the President of the University asked Dr. King a series of questions.  It is this exchange from the question and answer section that has been on my mind today:

“President Miller:
Don't you feel that integration can only be started and realized in the Christian church, not in schools or by other means? This would be a means of seeing just who are true Christians.

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.:
As a preacher, I would certainly have to agree with this. I must admit that I have gone through those moments when I was greatly disappointed with the church and what it has done in this period of social change. We must face the fact that in America, the church is still the most segregated major institution in America. At 11:00 on Sunday morning when we stand and sing and Christ has no east or west, we stand at the most segregated hour in this nation. This is tragic. Nobody of honesty can overlook this. Now, I'm sure that if the church had taken a stronger stand all along, we wouldn't have many of the problems that we have. The first way that the church can repent, the first way that it can move out into the arena of social reform is to remove the yoke of segregation from its own body. Now, I'm not saying that society must sit down and wait on a spiritual and moribund church as we've so often seen. I think it should have started in the church, but since it didn't start in the church, our society needed to move on. The church, itself, will stand under the judgement of God. Now that the mistake of the past has been made, I think that the opportunity of the future is to really go out and to transform American society, and where else is there a better place than in the institution that should serve as the moral guardian of the community. The institution that should preach brotherhood and make it a reality within its own body.” (5)

The reason this has been on my mind is the simple fact that Dr. King’s words are true in my life.  The lease diverse place I go each week is my church.  My work life is very diverse, my neighborhood places me (a white middle-age male) in the minority, and the shops I frequent are reflections of the city at large.  However, my church – while well intentioned (diversity is one of our stated goals), and not entirely without diversity – is the least diverse place in my life.

While Dr. King’s words over 50 years ago should have been a wake up call for the American church I am not sure that in the following years much was done on a large scale to make his statement not just as true today as it was when he first uttered it.  In fact I think that the Church Growth movement begun by Donald McGavran in the 1950’s and continuing into our present day relied on principle of homogeneity that made matters worse.  McGavran wrote, “People like to become Christians without crossing racial, linguistic or class barriers.”  His protégé, C. Peter Wagner, stated it even more directly when he wrote, “segregation is a desired end.” (6)  While the leaders of the Church Growth movement had the spread of the gospel in mind, the end result was the American church looking less like Dr. King’s dream, or the church in the Book of Acts, and more like a niche marketed product devised to segregate people.

Our human nature may make McGavran’s statement that “People like to become Christians without crossing racial, linguistic or class barriers” true, but neither the theory, or the practice of segregation, is what we see in the Bible.  Ray Bakke notes in his book A Theology as Big as the City” (7) that in Acts 1-12 we see Pentecost unfold as the church moves from being multi-lingual to multi-cultural.  By the time we get to chapter 11 and we read about the church in Antioch and see a group of Jesus followers in a very divers city (3rd largest city in the Roman empire divided into Greek, Syrian, Jewish, Latin and African sectors) that has a pastoral leadership team of 5 pastors from 3 continents.  The church in Antioch is very diverse and it is in this context – a diverse church, in a diverse city, with a diverse leadership team – where the followers of Jesus are first called Christians.  Could it be that it is this type of incarnation that finally fulfills what begins on the day of Pentecost? 

So today as Dr. King’s observations ring in our ears from over 50 years ago and the legacy of Antioch echoes down from the early days of the faith, all of us who desire to follow Jesus should take a long hard look in the mirror and ask a few questions about how we are doing in our “Institution(s) that should preach brotherhood and make it a reality within its own body.”



(3)   About the Anchorage School District, Anchorage School District, http://asdk12.org/aboutasd/, (accessed 18 June 2014).
(4)   Communicating Across Cultures with Father Oleksa, Alaska Staff Development Network, 30 October 2013 – 2 November 2013, BP Energy Center, Anchorage, Alaska.
(6)   Donald McGavran and C. Peter Wagner taken from citations in Slow Church: Cultivating a Community in the patient Way of Jesus by C. Christopher Smith & John Pattison.  Downers Grove, IL: IVP Books. 2014.  Pg. 47 (Chapter 2, Terroir: Taste and See contains a good summery of the Church Growth Movement).


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